![]() Following the Evian Accords, the OAS intensified its violent campaign targeting Muslims, European supporters of General de Gaulle and members of the special police groups deployed to dismantle them. This terrorist campaign culminated in a wave of attacks that followed the "Evian Accords". Their actions, initially selective, became increasingly indiscriminate acts of terror, with bombings and assassinations both in French Algeria and in metropolitan France killing more than 2,000 people between April 1961 and April 1962. It officially made itself known in Madrid in January 1961, announcing itself as a response by certain French politicians and army officers to the independence referendum held on January 8 and organised by General de Gaulle. Its main stronghold, the Bab-el-Oued district of Algiers, had had a majority communist and socialist vote. ![]() The militancy was made up of deserters from the army, especially veterans of the colonial wars, and generally modest people, such as shopkeepers, artisans, small employees, etc. ![]() In Algeria, leadership was in the hands of military officers and politicians who had been in the Resistance, and presented themselves as continuing the struggle against Nazism. These networks called themselves "counter-terrorists", "self-defence groups" or "resistance".Ĭontrary to popular belief, it was a heterogeneous organisation, which included clearly fascist sectors and those nostalgic for Vichy France. The OAS was formed on the basis of existing networks of fighters who had already carried out attacks against elements of the Algerian National Liberation Front and those who supported it since the beginning of the war. As can be seen, this is a very particular example. It is a group that belongs, in terms of time, to the third wave or "Wave of the New Left", but the motivation of their struggle corresponded to the previous wave, the "Anti-Colonial Wave", only this one was directed in the opposite direction, i.e. Its motto was L’Algérie est française et le restera ("Algeria is French and will remain so"). Its aim was to prevent Algeria from gaining independence from France by committing assassinations and all kinds of attacks. The outbreak of World War I, the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the recovery of national sovereignty by the Czechs and the Poles had written the last act in the drama of mutual contacts between the Vienna Secession, the Prague Mánes and the Cracow "Sztuka".OAS (Organisation Armée Secrète): This was a dissident paramilitary group with an extreme right-wing ideology that emerged during the Algerian war (1954-1962). After 1905 there followed a decline of the idea of egalitarianism of art and its emotional values the conviction of the artist's special mission in society was abandoned and the new generation of artists, both in Vienna, Prague, as well as in Cracow, in their aggressive manifestos and programs heralded radical changes to the arts. At the same time, they were ready to cause scandals, defending their beliefs, eager to participate in sophisticated parties and frequented outrageous cabarets cafés - the "seats of debauchery and all kind of evil". They had great reverence for Romanticism, disposition for melancholy, irrationality, apathy, and eagerly referred to symbolism, and decadence. The milieu which yield the three above-mentioned associations consisted of ARTISTS-GENIUSES, ARTISTS-NEUROTICS, ARTISTS-PRIESTS, and also ARTISTS-ACTORS who were ready to fulfil their great missions according to the principle of "art for art's sake". The three associations closely collaborated with three art journals, set up almost simultaneously: Ver Sacrum in Vienna, Volné Smĕry in Prague, and Życie in Cracow, which on their pages united an analogous literary content with a beautiful layout and graphic design. Each of them possessed its own, specific kind of a "temple" and salon of art, where - beside exhibiting art - they introduced a new style of exhibition arrangement, using painted friezes, draperies, furniture, and above all - decorative shrubs, plants and festoons of flowers, which made the exhibition space look like a society drawing room or a garden house. The three groups maintained mutual contacts (however cold they proved to be), and jointly participated in many exhibitions, asserting at the same time their distinct national characters. It was at that time that the three art associations: Vereinigung bildender Künstler Österreichs - "Wiener Secession", Towarzystwo Artystów Polskich "Sztuka", and Spolek výtvarných umělců Mánes were set up. The years 18 are regarded as the golden era for three art groups and three art journals in three separate centres of the Habsburg empire - the cities of Vienna, Cracow and Prague. Texto completo no disponible (Saber más.Localización: Artibus et historiae: an art anthology, ISSN 0391-9064, Nº.Autores: Stefania Krzysztofowicz-Kozakowska.
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